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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

  • Featured books on ataxia from Barnes & Noble.com:
  • What is post-infectious ataxia?
  • What is the most common infection that can cause post-infectious ataxia?
  • How soon after chicken pox does post-infectious ataxia occur?
  • What are signs of post-infectious ataxia?
  • How is post-infectious ataxia diagnosed?
  • How is post-infectious ataxia treated?
  • What is the prognosis for people with post-infectious ataxia?
  • What is the origin of the term, post-infectious ataxia?

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    WHAT IS POST-INFECTIOUS ATAXIA?

    Post-infectious ataxia is a sudden loss of muscle coordination caused by an infectious disease that leads to damage of the cerebellum or connections to it. The cerebellum is an area in the back, bottom part of the brain that plays an important role in movement and coordination. Areas connecting to the cerebellum that can cause post-infectious ataxia are the pons, cerebellar peduncles, red nucleus, and cerebellar peduncles. The pons is a part of the brainstem that is very important for sleep and arousal. The brainstem is an area in the lower part of the brain that connects it with the spinal cord. The cerebellar peduncles are bundles of nerve fibers that connect the brainstem with the peduncles. The red nucleus is a large, well-defined, reddish-gray, elongated mass of cells in the midbrain that receive massive amounts of input from the cerebellum. The midbrain is the top part of the brainstem. A picture of the cerebellum and brainstem structures is shown below:

    WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON INFECTION THAT CAN CAUSE POST-INFECTIOUS ATAXIA?

    Post-infectious ataxia is often caused by chicken pox, particularly in childhood. Children are at risk during the first few years of life. In adulthood, the virus (varicella zoster) that causes chicken pox can reappear. When this occurs, it is known as shingles. Shingles is an outbreak of a rash or blisters on the skin that may be associated with severe pain. The pain is generally on one side of the body or face.

    HOW SOON AFTER CHICKEN POX DOES POST-INFECTIOUS ATAXIA OCCUR?

    If post-infectious ataxia occurs after chicken pox (also known as varicella), this generally occurs 7 to 14 days after chicken pox symptoms begins.

    WHAT ARE SIGNS OF POST-INFECTIOUS ATAXIA?

    Common signs of post-infectious ataxia include sudden writhing movements in the limbs (arms or legs), hypotonia, incoordination, and action/intention tremors. Hypotonia is abnormally decreased muscle tone (tension). This can present as poor maintenance of posture, decreased resistance to slight pressure exerted on the limbs, and delayed motor responses. Incoordination can present as delays in initiating responses in limbs, errors in the force or range of movement, and errors in the rate and regularity of movements. For example, when the person tries to reach for something, he or she may miss the target by a significant degree.

    There may be an inability to walk without support. Incoordination can cause an impaired ability to perform rapid, alternating movements - a problem known as dysdiadochokinesia. Action tremors (also known as intention tremors) are shaking movements that become worse when performing voluntary movements.

    If the cerebellar vermis is involved, an unstable stance, unsteady walking, and nystagmus (rhythmic involuntary jerking or swinging movements of the eyes) can also result. The cerebellar vermis is a narrow, worm shaped structure in between both sides of the cerebellum. The most severe disturbances in post-infectious ataxia are caused by damage to the superior (top) cerebellar peduncles and the red nucleus. See the first section for a description of the cerebellar peduncles and red nuclei.

    HOW IS POST-INFECTIOUS ATAXIA DIAGNOSED?

    Post-infectious ataxia is diagnosed by gathering a thorough medical history. One of the important things that the physician will look for is if the person has been exposed to the varicella-zoster virus and if they have symptoms consistent with chicken pox or shingles. The presence of a rash before the onset of incoordinated movement is also helpful in diagnosing post-infectious ataxia.

    HOW IS POST-INFECTIOUS ATAXIA TREATED?

    Only the symptoms of post-infectious ataxia can be treated. This is usually done with physical therapy and trying to make sure that patients do not hurt themselves because of incoordination. There is no medication available that will reverse post-infectious ataxia. However, see the next section for good news regarding prognosis.

    WHAT IS THE PROGNOSIS FOR PEOPLE WITH POST-INFECTIOUS ATAXIA?

    In most people, full recovery from post-infectious ataxia can be expected within a period of weeks to a few months. However, there are occasional rare cases where the individual will be left with a permanent movement disorder or behavioral problem. Swelling of the cerebellum is another rare complication.

    WHAT IS THE ORIGIN OF THE TERM, POST-INFECTIOUS ATAXIA?

    Post-infectious ataxia comes from the Latin word post meaning “after,” the Latin word “inficere” meaning “to stain,” the Latin word "osus" meaning "full of," the Greek word “a” meaning “no,” and the Greek word “taxis” meaning “order.” Put the words together and you get “after to stain full of no order.”

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